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''Epizootic Hemorrhagic Disease Virus'' (often abbreviated EHDV) is a species of the genus ''Orbivirus'', a member of the family ''Reoviridae''. It is the causative agent of Epizootic Hemorrhagic Disease, an acute, infectious, and often fatal disease of wild ruminants. In North America, the most severely affected ruminant is the white-tailed deer (''Odocoileus virginianus'') although it may also infect mule deer, black-tailed deer, elk, bighorn sheep, and pronghorn antelope.〔Fischer J, Sleeman J. 2012 Sep. Hemorrhagic disease in wild ruminants. National Wildlife Health Center Wildlife Health Bulletin. (2014 December 5 ); 05. http://www.michigan.gov/documents/emergingdiseases/WHB_2012-05_Hemorrhagic_400243_7.pdf〕 It is often mistakenly referred to as “''Bluetongue Virus''” (BTV), another ''Orbivirus'' that, like EHDV, causes the host to develop a characteristic blue tongue due to systemic hemorrhaging and lack of oxygen in the blood.〔Epizootic Hemorrhagic Disease (EHD) in White-Tailed Deer. (n.d.). Retrieved December 7, 2014, from http://www.michigan.gov/dnr/0,1607,7-153-10370_12150-26647--,00.html〕 Despite showing clinical similarities, these two viruses are genetically distinct. Worldwide, there have been eight different serotypes of EHDV identified.〔Mead DG, Mecham JO, Stallknecht DE, Tellgren-Roth C, O’Hearn ES, Wilson WC1. 2009 May. Detection of all eight serotypes of epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation. (2014 December 5 ); 21(2):220-225. doi: 10.1177/104063870902100207.〕 Historically, only serotypes EHDV-1 and EHDV-2 have been found in North America, however, recent research has discovered at least one more in the Midwest and Southern United States.〔Allison AB1, Goekjian VH, Johnson DJ, Mertens PP, Potgieter AC, Stallknecht DE. 2010 Feb. Detection of a novel reassortant epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus (EHDV) in the USA containing RNA segments derived from both exotic (EHDV-6) and endemic (EHDV-2) serotypes. Journal of General Virology. (2014 December 5 ); 91(2):430-439. doi: 10.1099/vir.0.015651-0.〕 EHDV can only be spread by way of an insect vector. In North America, the common vector is the biting midge (''Culicoides variipennis''). The first identified outbreak of EHDV in the United States occurred in 1955 and caused several hundred white-tailed deer to die in New Jersey and Michigan.〔Epizootic Hemorrhagic Disease (EHD) in White-Tailed Deer. (n.d.). Retrieved December 7, 2014, from http://www.michigan.gov/dnr/0,1607,7-153-10370_12150-26647--,00.html〕 There are recorded cases of EHDV-like die-offs prior to this year (as far back as 1890), however EHDV was not identified in these cases as its existence was not yet known. ==Viral classification== Order: Unassigned Family: ''Reoviridae'' Genus: ''Orbivirus'' Species: ''Epizootic Hemorrhagic Disease Virus''〔Reoviruses (incl. Rotaviruses). (n.d.). Retrieved December 5, 2014, from http://www.microbiologybytes.com/virology/Reoviruses.html〕 Epizootic Hemorrhagic Disease Virus belongs to the family ''Reoviridae'', a family of double-stranded RNA viruses that includes familiar genera like ''Rotavirus'' (the most common cause of viral gastroenteritis in children), ''Coltivirus'' (causative agent of Colorado tick fever), and ''Orbivirus''. Besides EHDV and BTV, other Orbiviruses include ''Equine Encephalosis Virus'' (EEV) and ''African Horse Sickness Virus''. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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